Media’s Influence Essay Example for Free

Media’s Influence Essay From Congress to Clowns: Media’s Influence on Bow Tie Transformation The tie could without much of a stretch be named the ‘black sheep’ of the Cravat family. Its inceptions are none alluring and it is once in a while grasped, regularly betrayed and frequently overlooked. It is seen in just its temporary snapshots of sheik or terribly hostile stun. Its history beginning in utility and birthed from a recognized organization was betrayed with the coming of visual media. The necktie was first found in the seventeenth Century when Croatian hired soldiers went to help King Louis in France (Pohl). To keep their shirts shut and to shield themselves from the components they tied an approximately fit tie around their necks (Pohl). There is banter about whether the aim was carefully utilitarian; as long, trim neckwear was at that point a design in France there was likely some impact. Lord Louis immediately embraced the tie for style. He named it â€Å"La Cravat† and made it the necessary clothing for high society formal get-togethers (Pohl). It proceeded with its European pattern and was carried alongside colonization to America. The most punctual neckties were white and were worn for design and social class differentiation. It stayed being used during the eighteenth and nineteenth century, however was for the most part detached to government officials, legal advisors and researchers as formal and expert clothing. Abraham Lincoln and a large number of our initial presidents were regularly shot wearing the necktie strengthening its portrayal of being a recognized extra. The principal significant move in acknowledged necktie use agreed with the progressions in political philosophy. A youthful America, needing to separate itself from European classism expelled the tie from acknowledged design practice. Outside of the exceptionally formal ‘black tie affair’ it was once in a while observed. The general assessment of the tie changed too, as it conveyed with it a demeanor of affectation or highbrow character. Warren St. John, an essayist for the New York Times, portrays this move in deduction, To its enthusiasts the necktie recommends iconoclasm of an Old World sort, a fusty adherence to an antagonist perspective. The necktie indicates intellectualism, genuine or pretended, and now and then proposes specialized keenness, maybe on the grounds that it is so difficult to tie. Neckties are worn by entertainers, nation specialists, legal advisors and educators and by individuals wanting to resemble the abovementioned. In any case, maybe the vast majority of all, wearing a tie is a method of broadcasting a forceful absence of worry for what others think (St. John). This thought changed in a significant manner in the twentieth century. Following quite a while of a reasonable break from European impact the necktie made a return, however in a fascinating way. It was still elegantly untouchable outside of formalwear, however it turned into a symbol for independence. â€Å"A rundown of tie fans peruses like a Whos Who of tough individualists† (St. John). Strangely this new pattern corresponds with the coming and flood in visual media, through film, news genuine, magazine and in the end TV. â€Å"Mens clothier Jack Freedman told the New York Times that wearing a tie ‘is an announcement maker’ that recognizes an individual as an individual in light of the fact that ‘its not for the most part in fashion’† (St. John). The necktie could never be ‘generally in fashion’ even with visual access, however media assisted with embellishment new considering it an image and characterized assessments of the individuals who wore it. Its easygoing utilize was embraced by frank and unmistakable government officials, comics, supporters, and many energized figures. The impact from Hollywood and T. V. media would make a feeling that would stick. In T. V. furthermore, film comics and vivified characters personas who wore ties were depicted as ridiculous, abnormal, particular or geeky making a generalization that cutting edge tie wearers can’t very shake. Characters, for example, Jerry Lewis’ Nutty Professor and Paul Reubens’ Pee Wee Herman have sustained it. It is conceivable that Hollywood as a foundation and ‘protector of class’ may have made these portrayals in disobedience to the reception of the necktie by standard people. Simmel composes, â€Å"the first class starts a design and when the mass emulates it with an end goal to dispose of the qualification of class, [the elite] forsake it for an alternate mode†. Following up for the elites sake, visual media made and uncovered these clownish perspectives to turn the style ‘off’, to make it un-popular, so it could continue class qualification (541). Like the odd one out that it is, notwithstanding its feeling of imprudence the necktie additionally leaves the impression of being very reliable. Numerous exceptionally regarded pioneers, legal counselors, lawmakers and telecasters have wore them and some have even been marked by this mark piece. Winston Churchill was known for his mark blue and white spotted tie. Charles Osgood for his trademark tie worn during communicates. That feeling of trust could come from the possibility that these men are sufficiently bold to ‘go against fashion’ or on the grounds that ‘they don’t care what individuals think’ we confide in them to be progressively authentic and legit. Sponsors got on this pattern and organizations, for example, Chevrolet and Budweiser have incorporated the tie in their corporate logos. They likewise fortified this relationship of dependability and genuineness with their crusade mottos. In 1996 Chevrolet needed its â€Å"blue necktie to be among America’s top symbols again†, so it made a progression of â€Å"15 second spots highlighting only the tie in startling spots with the printed tag ‘Genuine Chevrolet’ and the portrayal ‘the vehicles Americans trust’† (Halliday). Budweiser additionally made this relationship with their advertisement battle highlighting only their red necktie logo and the words ‘Budweiser, True’. Despite the fact that the tie has made a sensational move in the twentieth century from an image of class differentiation and recognized adjustment to an image of independence and assumed trust, the necktie has not waivered as the staple adornment of formal clothing. There have been some ongoing adjustments, again welcomed on by Hollywood big names, for example, the dark catch spread or dark bolo tie, however when exchanges are picked they are normally taunted by prevailing press. Dark tie undertaking despite everything implies dark necktie apparently. The refinement and style has been strengthened by big names in photographs or movies of formal moves, meals and gatherings. Speaking to all the style of great Hollywood and related with the carefree Humphrey Bogart and Frank Sinatra. It has such a long standing convention and image of being an advanced and tasteful refined man that even Playboy got it and joined it into their rabbit logo . Truth be told, Playboy’s utilization of the tie has from numerous points of view taken the image round trip †the dream and cash related with having ladies and the ‘finer things’ in life truly takes us directly back to the thoughts of class qualification and giving men something desire as well. The necktie has such an intriguing history in light of the fact that basically we aren’t sure what to consider it. Outside of its utilization as formal wear it doesn’t have a classification or clear aim. Standing so far left of style it is one of those uncommon cases where the individuals who decided to wear it truly show distinction and not out of a requirement for dissent or distress to be taken note. Finkelstein composed, The fundamental incongruity of design is that it can't prevail with regards to denoting the person as genuinely extraordinary. While designs might be touted as a way to be recognized, the quest for style is all the more adequately a methods for being socially homogenized. The noteworthy accomplishment of being trendy has been to give a feeling of independence inside a common code, since people can look acceptably particular just inside a limited tasteful. At the point when they buy trendy merchandise that will recognize them, they do so just from a scope of products previously comprehended to be significant. Having this comprehension of design follow can't help suspecting that one buying or wearing something un-elegant really is communicating their independence. On account of the tie it appears its wearers share less for all intents and purpose and that shared trait determined by the eyewitness has more to do with visual media’s endeavor to classify the wearer as something. Curiously however, those known for wearing the necktie originate from such an expansive society base, that generalizations of general imprudence made by media characters don't generally apply. Anyway it might be that is actually the point. At the point when you can’t be sorted you will positively stick out and all things considered the tie, outside of the formal, demonstrations just as a mark piece with no genuine goal other than being taken note. â€Å"To be trendy includes having explicit information about the estimation of products. It isn't adequate to want products due to their utility† (Finkelstein). Plainly utilizing the necktie for the utility of being seen makes the thing very un-in vogue, however perhaps it is the person outside of the design world who really comprehends the estimation of products. The tie is the ‘black sheep’ of the Cravat family, the untouchable of the design world and that is its worth. Visual media has changed its underlying view of being a thing of social class differentiation to that of a comedian but regardless of its made observations the individuals who decide to wear the tie outside of film and T. V. are exceptionally respected and trusted. Sponsors have gotten on this weird division and have even strengthened its believability, however not to the endorsement of the design world. It is interested to believe that the necktie will at any point become chic outside of its proper roots for the most part since it has become something

Importance of Appearance Essay

Individuals state appearance isn't significant, yet even the most regarded and honorable individuals put appearance before different qualities of an individual. Since social orders have been set up, and even previously, society has put on a lot of significance on appearance. The measure of significance is appeared in the novel Frankenstein, the film, and, all things considered. My first model from the novel is from part eleven, when the animal showed up at the town and experienced people. As the animal endeavors to enter the cabin, he clarifies that, â€Å"the kids shouted and one of the ladies swooned. The entire town was energized. Some fled, some assaulted me. I was awfully wounded by stones and numerous different sorts of rocket weapons.† The announcement shows that the animal was promptly decided by the residents exclusively on appearance, there was zero chance given to try and let the animal clarify his motivation or activities. In the event that appearance didn’t have such a lot of significance on it, the animal wouldn’t be assaulted, and even his destiny would be unique. My subsequent model is from the film when the animal initially experienced people other than his own maker before the animal fled. As the animal took a portion of bread off a food truck, the individuals thought it was only an ordinary hoodlum in the town and they pursued him down and attempted to get him. Be that as it may, when they saw the creature’s appalling face, they turned out to be progressively forceful out of dread and attempted to slaughter him. My last model is from this present reality, where the measure of appearance on a person or thing matters, instead of a fiction novel, and shows how much significance we place on appearance in our general public. Found from an exploration article from the Social Issues Research Center, considers show that alluring youngsters are increasingly famous, both with cohorts and educators. This can mess social up as certain understudies turn upward and venerate their instructors. Additionally, appealing candidates have a superior possibility of landing positions, and of getting more significant compensations. This is the reason most well known individuals aren’t non alluring to society. Indeed, even in the advocated U.S. courts, appealing individuals are seen as liable less frequently, and when liable, they get less extreme sentences. As should be obvious, society places appearance before numerous things, for example, character that issue more. Appearance has a lot of significance in the novel, the film, and, in actuality. At whatever point you meet another person, think on what you choose first about them and even what they choose first, about you.

Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession free essay sample

The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Alonzo White ACC/340 August 14, 2011 Jennifer Coleman Question: Describe how data frameworks are changing the different parts of the bookkeeping calling. Incorporate a depiction of an assortment of new advances and their consequences for bookkeeping forms. Furthermore, examine how these advances have changed the manner in which bookkeeping is performed at your association or an association based on your personal preference. Answer: New innovation in data frameworks have purchased huge changes in bookkeeping calling, practices and procedures. It has expanded the effectiveness and precision in bookkeeping and has accelerate the procedure for manual bookkeeping errands, yet in addition improved security of bookkeeping information and expanded straightforwardness. Huge associations and multinationals are changing over to this new data frameworks and advances to complete their bookkeeping undertakings on worldwide premise. This data framework has prompted normalization not just among the various divisions, areas and workplaces of a solitary association, yet in addition on a worldwide premise. We will compose a custom exposition test on Impacts of Technology on the Accounting Profession or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Microsoft, Oracle for bookkeeping has significantly decreased the time taken to set up the fiscal summaries and profited reviewers and bookkeepers to finish and present their announcements in convenient way. MIS detailing has been made conceivable by Information frameworks just to take convenient choices. Another finance the executives framework from organizations like Paychex has incredibly improved finance bookkeeping and is an or more for bookkeepers dealing with huge payrolls. The new framework permits bookkeepers to team up and consolidate their work with bookkeepers of a similar organization situated at various area. The new Sarbanes Oxley Act has been the aftereffect of expanded accessibility of value data frameworks, without which, it is inconceivable for the organizations to stay in consistence of these enactments. Let us take the case of a global organization like IBM, whose workplaces are situated all through the world and bookkeeping is done at different areas, as indicated by neighborhood laws, customs and monetary forms pervasive in the specific nations. Be that as it may, since IBM is a US based worldwide and the last readiness of every one of these announcements will be as per the GAAP standards and in US dollars, it is significant for worldwide organizations like IBM to keep up comparable bookkeeping practices and gauges all over. Such enormous scope organization of bookkeeping arrangements and practices with worldwide gauges is incomprehensible without the new data frameworks and advancements. With the utilization of these advances, organizations like IBM have no concerns or dread in planning of bookkeeping proclamations; finance related issues and the executives data frameworks (MIS) issues as the procedures are normalized with the arrangement of standard bookkeeping and ERP bundles, for example, Oracle.

Santas Reply - A Funny, Comedic Male Monologue

'Santa Clause's Reply' - A Funny, Comedic Male Monolog This independent comedic male monolog highlights Santa attempting to win back Mrs. Claus. In the event that you need to know how this glad couple self-destructed, read Mrs. Provisions piece in our rundown of comedic female monologs. It might be utilized by understudies, on-screen characters, executives for instructive or proficient purposes. Be that as it may, recall, it is simply a work of fiction. In all actuality, Mr. what's more, Mrs. Claus are joyfully hitched! Santas Reply Santa Clause: Dear Mrs. Claus... Since the time you left me for the Easter Bunny, my life has gotten totally negligible. Without you, the North Pole really is the loneliest place on the planet. Without you close by, there has been nobody to keep me on my eating routine. Ive pigged out upon treats and milk. I even took Rudolphs carrots. I ate up the gingerbread house nearby. The neighbors are irate. Ive gotten so large, the reindeer have created back issues. Because of me, the sled currently surpasses its greatest limit. I dont think Ill have the option to clear the Rockies this Christmas Eve. What's more, I cannot quit drinking. Ive been going to Eggnog Anonymous gatherings, yet they just arent making a difference. What's more, I falter to specify how crushed the mythical people have been. They continue inquiring as to yourself. In this way, as should be obvious, without you, my life is ho-ho-repulsive. If it's not too much trouble return to me. I dont care if youre wicked or pleasant. Theres nobody else I need underneath my mistletoe. It would be ideal if you return home.

Motivational types Essay

The speculation for this examination was â€Å"Do particular kinds of character qualities decide individual persuasive sorts? † The significance of this sort of study has been perceived by numerous scientists. For instance Tett and Burnett (2003) confirmed that perceiving diverse character types could decide how an individual may be affected by different persuasive variables which thus reflect how beneficial and feasible an individual may be under various workplaces. The effect of finding an immediate connection between's character qualities, and inspirational sorts, could be huge in numerous industry fields. This paper thought about the accompanying persuasive elements: cash, vitality from others, the workplace, proficient development and force. All in all the discoveries were obvious. For instance numerous individuals referenced that cash was an inspirational factor in their working environment, yet those on a more significant salary were increasingly hesitant to say as much. What was intriguing in this investigation was the evident absence of importance of intensity on an individual’s inspiration to work. This would propose that there are some character types that right off the bat recognize power in the working environment and dynamic, and also that a few people incline toward a position where they are not approached to decide. According to whether an individual arranged himself as a ‘private person’ and how this affected inspiration, just a single situation was thought of; that of being a private individual and venture arranging. In spite of the fact that the outcomes were not conclusive there was a solid recommendation that those respondents who viewed themselves as private individuals, likewise preferred an organized workplace. This is bolstered by different outcomes in the examination, for example, the huge number of individuals that appreciated working in a group domain, and the individuals who found the vitality of individuals around them an inspirational factor. The constraints of this investigation remembered a vital limitation for the factors considered and the modest number of members in the example gathering. Anyway huge numbers of the outcomes found in the factors contemplated were very definitive and further investigation with bigger respondent gatherings and more factors related with various character types could demonstrate helpful around there. References Tett, R. P. ,&Burnett, D. D. (2003). A character traitâ€based interactionist model of occupation execution. Diary of Applied Psychology, 88, 500-517.

Restoring Nutritional Health in Anorexia Nervosa

Restoring Nutritional Health in Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Treatment Print Restoring Nutritional Health in Anorexia Nervosa By Katie Grubiak, RDN Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 30, 2019 VeselovaElena/Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Avoid Refeeding Syndrome Nutritional Rehabilitation Suggested Meal Guidelines Meal Plan for Success Other Weight Gain Tips Overcoming Challenges View All Back To Top The malnutrition that accompanies anorexia nervosa can negatively impact all systems of the body. Therefore, restoration of weight and nutritional health is an essential component of treatment for anorexia nervosa. Restoring a body malnourished by anorexia nervosa may take many months or even years. Patients with anorexia nervosa should generally be under the care of a treatment team, which commonly includes a medical doctor, a registered dietitian nutritionist, a psychotherapist, and a psychiatrist. Anyone beginning nutritional rehabilitation must be aware of the potentially fatal refeeding syndrome. This article begins with the necessary precautions to avoid this potential side-effect. It then offers strategies for outpatient nutritional rehabilitation, suggested meal plans, additional weight gain strategies, and suggestions for overcoming common challenges to recovery. Avoiding Refeeding Syndrome One potential risk to be considered before beginning nutritional rehabilitation is refeeding syndrome.?? Refeeding syndrome is caused by the rapid refeeding of someone in a state of starvation, usually chronic, and it may be fatal. It is characterized by electrolyte and fluid shifts associated with metabolic abnormalities in malnourished patients undergoing nutritional rehabilitation. How could finally eating after a period of starvation possibly be harmful to the body? Biochemistry tells us that ketone bodies and free fatty acids from the breakdown (catabolism) of muscle and adipose tissue replace glucose as a major energy source in starvation. During refeeding, there is a shift from fat to carbohydrate metabolism. The resulting insulin released from the pancreas increases cellular uptake of glucose, phosphate, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and water. The body also shifts into a building (anabolic) state of protein synthesis, which requires more nutrient uptake into the cells.?? The body then is at risk for not having enough of these vital nutrients in the bloodstream. Clinical consequences may include irregular heart rate, congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, coma, seizures, skeletal-muscle weakness, loss of control of body movements, and neurological symptoms.?? To avoid refeeding syndrome, levels of phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, calcium, and thiamin must be monitored for the first 5 days and every other day for several weeks. Electrocardiogram (EKG) should also be performed. Strict medical oversight is required.?? The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Criteria for Patients advises that there is a significant risk for refeeding syndrome if your starting point is 1,000 or fewer calories per day.?? Refeeding syndrome risk increases greatly with the following: Patients who have one of the following indicators:Body mass index of less than 16Weight loss of more than 15 percent  in the past 3-8 monthsLittle or no nutritional intake for more than 10 daysLow levels of potassium, phosphate, and/or magnesium before refeedingPatients who have two or more of the following indicators:Body mass index of less than 18.5Weight loss of more than 10 percent  in the past 3-6 monthsLittle or no nutritional intake for more than 5 daysHistory of alcohol misuse or drugs, including insulin, chemotherapy, antacids or diuretics?? Additional guidance regarding the prevention of refeeding syndrome is available via the Academy for Eating Disorders Guide to Medical Management.?? Under these conditions, nutritional restoration must go slowly to avoid potential refeeding syndrome. A medical team is necessary including a medical doctor and a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) to calculate, monitor, and increase daily food and fluid intake as well as monitor plasma and urinary electrolytes, plasma glucose, vital functions, and cardiac rhythm before and during refeeding. The remainder of this article is directed towards those who are not at risk for refeeding syndrome and have been medically cleared to begin or continue nutritional rehabilitation on an outpatient basis. Outpatient Nutritional Rehabilitation Recent research has shown that for patients not at risk for refeeding syndrome, more aggressive and faster-refeeding protocols lead to faster recovery and better overall outcomes.?? It is not uncommon for daily caloric needs of people recovering from anorexia to reach 3,000 to 5,000 daily calories for a sufficient one-half pound to two pounds per week weight gain until achieving goal weight. This is especially true for adolescents who are still growing and young adults. Adolescents participating in Family-Based Treatment with parents in charge of nutritional rehabilitation support are usually able to be safely started at an intake of 2,000 to 2,500 calories per day.?? With an outpatient team supporting and monitoring, parents are often encouraged to increase meal plans to 3,000 to 5,000 calories per day for weight restoration. Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for Eating Disorders Overview Parents and patients are often perplexed at such high caloric needs as renourishing progress. Why are they so high? Individuals with anorexia nervosa often become hypermetabolic, which means their metabolism has kicked into high gear as the body tries to rebuild all the tissue lost during starvation. Individuals commonly experience elevated body temperature as energy intake may be converted into heat, rather than solely used to build tissue. This paradoxical symptom makes recovery even harder. Additionally, many patients with anorexia nervosa engage in excessive exercise even despite severe emaciation.?? Such exercise may be hidden and can further undermine attempts at weight gain by increasing calorie expenditure. Exercise is usually not medically advised in the initial stages of nutritional rehabilitation, but patients may need monitoring to prevent it. It is important to note that because increased caloric intake generates significant anxiety in those with anorexia nervosa, achieving these caloric goals may be very challenging even with additional support. However, it is imperative to allow enough caloric intake for the body to fully recover. Weight goals should always be calculated by your medical team. A return of menses in females is critical.?? Again a medical team is advised to calculate your specific individual calorie needs as they shift during the recovery process. Suggested Meal Guidelines If you are consuming more than 1,000 calories per day as your starting point, are not a risk for refeeding syndrome as discussed above, and have been medically cleared to do so, then you may consider beginning nutritional rehabilitation. Please consult with a medical doctor and registered dietitian to tailor recommendations specifically for your body.?? For example, an illustrative nutritional rehabilitation recommendation for a 90-pound patient not at risk for refeeding syndrome could be as follows. Day 1-4: 1,200-1,600 calories/dayDay 5-7: If no weight gain is observed, increase by 400 calories per day to 1,600-2,000 calories/day (If weight gain is occurring you may increase more gradually.)Day 10-14: If weight gain is not reaching 1 to 2 pounds per week, increase daily intake again by 400-500 calories/day to 2,000-2,500Day 15-21: 2,500-3,000 calories/dayDay 20-28: 3,000-3,500 calories/day Remember caloric needs commonly increase as weight is gained. Therefore patients recovering from anorexia nervosa commonly require escalating caloric intake in order to maintain a steady weight gain. For this reason, weekly weigh-ins that record progress is desirable. If and when the rate of weight gain slows or stops, caloric intake must be increased. The Meal Plan Recipe for Success Since a calorie-focused meal plan could be triggering for those recovering from anorexia, it is not necessarily the first choice for registered dietitians to recommend. However, it could be helpful to have an idea of what calorie count to target, especially when reading food labels and menus. A good initial rule of thumb for a basic meal plan is three 500- to 800-calorie meals plus at least three 300-calorie snacks, but only after initial caloric estimates are calculated and monitored and the refeeding syndrome has been ruled out. Again, calorie levels are always a moving target, depending on the  rate of weight gain. The preferred meal plan model for anorexia nervosa recovery is the exchange system. It is often used in hospital, residential and outpatient eating disorder recovery treatment.?? Originally designed for patients with diabetes, the system is versatile in recovery because it takes into consideration macronutrient proportions (protein, carbohydrate, fat) without a direct focus on calories. Calculations often aim to reach 50-60% total calories from carbohydrates, 15-20% from protein, and 30-40% from dietary fat for metabolic efficiency. Each “exchange” (starch, fruit, vegetable, milk, fat, protein/meat) equates to certain food and its portion size. This allows for a focus on balanced food group selection during the meal planning process. However, having a balanced diet may not be as important as increased caloric intake during the weight restoration process. A Registered Dietitian Nutritionist can help calculate and design exchange meal plans taking this all into consideration. An illustrative 3,000-calorie Exchange System Meal Plan for a day might comprise 12 starch, 4 fruit, 4 milk, 5 vegetables, 9 meat, and 7 fat. A daily regimen might divide the exchanges into meals and snacks as follows: Breakfast: 2 Starch, 1 Fat, 2 Meat, 1 Milk, 2 Fruit 2 slices of toast (2 starch exchanges) with 1 tsp. butter (1 fat exchange)2 scrambled eggs (2 meat exchanges) made with 2oz whole milk plus 6oz of whole milk on the side to drink (total-1 milk exchange),4 oz of orange juice 1/2 cup fruit salad (total-2 fruit exchanges) Lunch: 2 Starch, 2 Vegetable, 3 Meat, 2 Fat, 1 Milk Grilled cheese sandwich:  2 slices of bread (2 starch exchanges), 2 tsp butter (2 fat exchanges), 3 slices of cheese (3 meat exchanges)Tomato soup (1 cup tomato soup condensed-2 vegetable exchanges) made with 1 cup whole milk (1 milk exchange) Dinner: 4 Starch, 3 Meat, 3 Fat, 2 Vegetable, 1 Fruit 1 cup cooked pasta (2 starch exchanges)2 pieces garlic toast (2 starch exchanges) 2 tsp butter (2 fat exchanges)3 oz of ground beef or turkey (3 meat exchanges) browned in 1 tsp olive oil (1 fat exchange) ½ cup tomato sauce with ½ cup cooked broccoli (2 vegetable exchange)1 orange (1 fruit exchange) Snack #1: 2 Starch, 1 Milk 1 large muffin (2 starch exchanges)1 cup whole milk (1 milk exchange â€" half half could be added for more calories) Snack #2: 1 Fruit, 1 Milk ½ banana (1 fruit exchange)1 cup whole milk yogurt (1 milk exchange) Snack #3: 1 Meat, 2 Starch, 1 Vegetable, 1 Fat 1 tsp peanut or almond butter (1 meat exchange)2 bread slices (2 starch exchanges)1 cup raw carrots (1 vegetable exchange), 1 oz hummus (1 fat exchange) Other Weight Gain Strategies In order to increase caloric intake to achieve a steady weight gain course, you can always remember some simple tactics:?? Increase the frequency of eating (from three times per day to six times per day)Increase the actual portion sizeIncrease caloric density (add fat while cooking such as oil, butter, cream, cheese which can increase calories without increasing portion size)Cut back on raw fruits and vegetables which can contribute to early fullnessSupplementing with liquid nutrition (Ensure Plus, Boost Plus) providing 350-360 calories per 8 ounces could prove very helpful for caloric density. Liquid nutrition in this form is recommended immediately as a replacement for skipped or unfinished meals or snacks. Overcoming Challenges on the Road to Weight Restoration Since a primary symptom of the disorder is a dietary restriction, what patient with anorexia will willingly eat more? Resistance is common and calls for direct support from loved ones and a team of professionals who can help hold patients accountable to meal plans and weight gain as well as challenge the eating disorder mindset and encourage consumption of fear foods on a daily basis. Vegetarian, low fat, low carb, and non-dairy diets should be discouraged (unless a diagnosed allergy) as they often are a symptom of the disorder and not based on legitimate health concerns. How Manage Negative Thoughts in Disordered Eating Delayed gastric emptying or gastroparesis is common with anorexia nervosa and can contribute to early fullness and bloating.?? This further complicates the renourishing process as eating the required increased intake may be physically uncomfortable. Frequent nutrient-dense meals and snacks that allow for smaller portions without sacrificing calorie content is the key to overcoming this hurdle. Eating disorder recovery teams can help support renourishings physical side effects as well as the psychological resistance to such aspects of recovery. Teams usually include a medical doctor, registered dietitian nutritionist, psychotherapist, and psychiatrist. When searching and building outpatient teams, it is advisable to make sure practitioners have expertise in the treatment of eating disorders. Allowing a loved one to help with accountability and provide recovery support can be extremely powerful in recovery. Family-Based Treatment (FBT or Maudsley) is an evidence-based model designating parents as the primary support for refeeding of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa.?? Other models of treatment that provide family support for adults with anorexia nervosa have been developed as well. Recovery is not a linear process and may be slow. Remember that life stresses and major life changes can possibly activate relapse. Support and re-evaluation of progress and goals are constantly needed. Making peace with food and having restored psychological, emotional, and physical health and well-being are indeed possible.??

Inventory management in a business environment - Free Essay Example

In todays world every business tries to strike a balance in inventory between what is needed and what is demanded, considering the major factor of cost cutting/reduction. This control is called Inventory management or inventory control. Inventory is basically assets (goods and materials) which are stock of any business. Inventory management focus on the capacity of the inventory, the place in which it is located so that one can use it when needed, the supply chain management of the raw materials and goods. Inventory management deals with the demand forecasting, asset management of the raw materials and goods, inventory carry cost, forecast, pricing of goods, validation of goods, to forecast the demand of future. This helps the top level manger to understand and coordinate with the supply chain management or production management, and quality management. The three important objectives of Inventory management are Satisfactory level of service Most company measures the ability to satisfy the customer by the following 3 factors / methods Number of order which act per schedule Number of order which are shipped as per schedule The idle time in inventory as well as shortage Minimizing inventory investments Most company try to minimize the money associated with inventory so as to improve profitability of the company. This is measured using inventory turnover ratio (Measures how quickly the inventory is getting out of system to the consumer) Its calculated using formula- Sales / inventory or cost of goods sold / average inventory [1] Efficient inventory control Efficient inventory control includes how the inventory are scheduled properly, no delays between sniffing of raw materials and goods. The amount of raw materials determines the workforce and other factors. Every company will incur fixed cost and vertical cost. There should be a balance between the fixed cost and variable cost. Necessity of inventory of a company JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN CUSTOMER DEMAND 500 500 0 1000 2000 2000 FINISHED GOODS PRODUCED 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Inventory month end 500 1000 2000 2000 1000 0 Table 1- To illustrate how an inventory is used in end of month Factories which a company considers to get excess demand Fulfil demand- Consider an instant where a customer wants to buy 100 DVD disks from shop A. But the shop A has only 50. So the customer goes to Shop B. He gets the 100 DVD disks he wanted. So from next time onwards the customer may go only to shop B directly. Hence to avoid this the shop has to evaluate and forecast property how much is required 2) To have progress in operations: A company must have certain purchased items like the raw materials and goods sold in order to manufacture its product. Running out of only one item can prevent a manufacturer from completing the production of its finished goods. 3) Lead Time: the time that lapses between the order placing (production and purchase order issued in the factory floor) and actually receiving the ordered. The more and more the lead time, the more and more of the quantity of goods the company should must carry in stock. Illustration: Just-in-time manufacturing firm, like Nissan in Smyrna, Tennessee, maintain extremely low levels of inventory. 18 times per day it takes delivery on truck seats. But the steel mills may have a lead time of 3 months. That means to say a firm which uses steel produced at the mill must order minimum 3 months in advance.[2]. Requirements leveler: Inventory is mainly used to maintain a steady rate of output [mainly to avoid the hiring cost and training the new personnel], while determining the forecast of inventory , increase in demand is called anticipation inventory There are four types of inventory Raw materialsÂÂ   basic materials used for manufacturing of goods. Work in process- goods which have started to transformation to finished goods Finished goodsÂÂ  -final finished product for consumer. MRO goods- maintenance ,repair and operational goods RAW MATERIALS: The materials that are used in a conversion process of manufacturing to convert them into partly or completely finished goods. These items include commodities or materials extracted by the firm or its subsidiaries. They can also be bought by the firm. A partially completed item may be considered as finished goods by the supplier, but this could also be the raw material of the purchaser. Some examples of raw materials include Ore Grain Minerals Petroleum Chemicals Paper Wood Paint Examples of raw materials bought from outside the firm: Nuts and bolts Ball bearings Seats Wheels WORK IN PROCESS: This includes all the materials, components, assemblies, subassemblies, etc. which are being incorporated into the system. They include all the materials from the start till they are ready and are awaiting inspection before they form the completed product. CASE: At Dulux paint the total time taken to produce paint varies from 7 to 24 hrs. This time depends on the type of goods. FINISHED GOODS: Finished goods are those which have gone through the entire process of manufacturing and are completely ready to be sold to customers. Finished goods inventory is the collection of completed products. Finished goods also mandatorily have to pass all tests and inspections before they are sold to either retailers, distributors or directly to customers. Typically a manufacturer has a good stock of raw materials, work in process and finished products. A retailer or wholesaler has a big collection of finished goods ready to be sold. TYPES OF INVENTORIES: TRANSIT INVENTORY: Inventories many times have to be transported from one location to the other as they pass through the levels of manufacturing. These inventories are called transit or pipeline inventories as they are in transit from a location to another. Automobile manufactures make use of freight consolidators to pool in their inventories. CASE: HPCL handles the transportation from refineries to customers through various modes like roadways, shipping, pipelining etc. BUFFER INVENTORY: Inventories are sometimes used to counter attack the uncertainties of demand and supply. They could also be used to take care of unforeseen situations like poor transportation, poor quality etc. Buffer inventory or safety stock is the amount of stock which is in excess compared to the current demand of goods. The more safety stock a firm has very small is its probability of running into a stock out situation. ANTICIPATION INVENTORY: Firms often purchase and hold stock which is much higher than their present requirements in anticipation of a future event. These event can include Seasonal variations in demand Price variations An impending labour strike This method allows firms to build up their inventory reserves when the demand is declining and as the demand shoots up they can utilise the inventory. The firms need not increase their production capacity and overload their workers when there is a sudden rise in demand. DECOUPLING INVENTORY: The production time of each machine used in a manufacturing plant varies. Some systems produce more products in the same time duration. The faltering of any machine must not affect the entire production process. Thus decoupling inventory acts as a shock absorber and decouples the dependence on sequential process. CASE: Consider a book manufacturing firm. If it is known that the paper manufacturing machine is not working for few days then the manager forecasts the requirement and carries out other activities like binding so that the entire process is still intact. VARIOUS COSTS RELATED TO INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: Ordering cost and cost of acquisition: Large organisations have separate purchase offices which handle the purchasing of huge inventories. Demands are technically analysed and decisions about inquiries, tenders and orders are made. An additional cost is included for each step this is all summed up to arrive at the Ordering cost and cost of acquisition Carrying costs: holding inventory is an additional expense for every firm. Different elements of Carrying costs are Interest on capital / cost of capital / opportunity cost Obsolescence and depreciation Cost of storage, handling and stock verification Insurance cost The average carrying cost could be expressed as follows: Interest on capital / cost of capital / opportunity cost 15 to 25% Obsolescence and depreciation 2 to 5 % Cost of storage, handling and stock verification 3 to 5 % Insurance cost 1 to 2 % TOTAL 21 To 37 % Shortage or stock out cost: Whenever an item is not available when required then it causes delay to all the process which require that item. This causes a loss since the work at a stage is delayed or even stopped at times. Consider an example of a locomotive, if its production is held up due to lack of availability of spare parts then it causes loss due to delay in completion. If the part has to be bought from outside the firm the additional expense is incurred. Systems cost: These costs are related to the type of control mechanisms and systems being used to monitor the production process. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES: One of the vital objectives of a firm is to manage inventories efficiently in accordance with the shareholders. Optimum utilization of the inventories aids to achieve that objective, as well as reap profit. The inventories which are controlled efficiently make the firm flexible and avoid disasters like running out of stock and pilling up of unnecessary stock which increases the level of investment and does not bring the firm profit. The following questions help to manage the inventories properly. How much should be ordered? (economic order quantity) When should it be ordered? (re-order point ) ECONOMIC ORDER QUATITY Economic order quantity deals with problems like the amount of stock to be furnished on the depletion of stock, the planning of production. So the firm has established the economic lot size. This involves two types of costs: Ordering costs: it includes the cost of the following: Purchase Requisition Ordering Receiving Transporting Inspecting Storing Ordering cost differ according to the orders placed. The clerical and the staff costs remain the same as long as they are committed costs. On the other hand if the quantity of the order increases, the clerical and staff costs may increase. If the quantity is reduced the clerical and the staff force can be used in other departments hence the cost can be included to the ordering cost. As the ordering costs is proportionate with the number of orders placed a large inventory helps in reducing the order cost as the number of orders reduce. Carrying cost: it includes the cost of the following: Storage Insurance Taxes Deterioration Adolescence and to maintain the level of inventory. The storage costs include warehousing cost, stores handling cost and administrative cost. Carrying costs differ with inventory size and is in contrast with that of ordering cost which reduces with the increase in inventory level. Re-order point: it means the point at which the firm should restock its inventory. In order to be certain of the time of restock, the firm should know the following: Lead time (normal replenishing time i.e. reorder= lead*avg. usage) Average use Economic order quantity Safety stock: the actual delivery time might differ from the normal lead time. If there is an increase in actual usage or delay in delivery of stock it may prove to be expensive for the firm so in order to protect themselves from such mishaps they can maintain a safety or back-up stock JUST IN TIME: Just in time became famous because of the Japanese firm. It means that the materials arrive in time for production and hence maintenance of inventories is not needed but then the delivery and production have to be well co-ordinated. It also has its drawbacks like if the quality of the material is poor it will be a hindrance for production. The success of just in time depends on quality management and the relationship with the supplier. Example: One truck transportation company obtains much of its business by catering to companies that must deliver parts to other companies just in time. The Toyota Company in Japan has developed a scheduling discipline for internal control of in process material movement, called Kanban, which substantially reduces WIP. Inventories and hence reduces the associated costs. OUT SOURCING: As times are changing so are the practices of companies. Nowadays companies tend to outsource. That is buying components from some other firms. Example: Tata motors has developed number of ancillaries are able to maintain the high quality of the manufactured components. The car manufacturing company, Maruti, which is now controlled by Suzuki of Japan, has the similar system of supply. COMPUTRIZED INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEM: Technology is made controlling of inventories easier by computerized inventory control that is everything from tracking, revising, counting. It also restocks the inventory by reordering when necessary that is possible because of the information system which is linked between the buyer and supplier. However it is not practical for large retail stores.